Resumen
Un alto grado de insatisfacción con la talla corporal parece indicar riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno alimentario (TA). Los investigadores han empleado distintos puntos de corte arbitrarios sin prueba de su validez o confiabilidad. Por tanto, se desconoce el grado de insatisfacción que realmente podría indicar riesgo de un TA. El propósito del estudio fue obtener puntos de corte clínicamente significativos para insatisfacción con la talla corporal de adultos mexicanos. Participaron dos muestras de adultos (N1 = 1,792 y N2 = 275) quienes de acuerdo con su sexo seleccionaron de entre ocho siluetas masculinas o femeninas las que mejor representaban sus tallas actual e ideal. La Muestra 1 incluyó dos submuestras sin (n = 1,580) y con (n = 212) diagnóstico de un TA. La Muestra 2 incluyó únicamente adultos sin diagnóstico y se usó para la confiabilidad de los resultados con la Muestra 1. Se encontró que una diferencia de cuatro puntos entre la talla actual y la ideal parece mostrar significancia clínica asociada con un TA. Se discute la importancia de contar con puntos de corte válidos y confiables que indiquen un riesgo real de TA.
Citas
Acuña, L., & González-García, D. (2018). Insatisfacción con la imagen corporal: Efecto del IMC y de las características sociodemográficas. En R. Díaz-Loving, I. Reyes Lagunes, & F. López Rosales (Eds.), La psicología social en México (Vol. 17, pp. 559-576). Asociación Mexicana de Psicología Social.
Alruwayshid, M. S., Alduraywish, S. A., Allafi, A. H., Alshuniefi, A. S., Alaraik, E. F., Alreshidi, F., ... & Alruwayshid, N. S. (2021). The influence of social media on body dissatisfaction among college students. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(4), 1741-1746. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1529_20
Bruch, H. (1962). Perceptual and conceptual disturbances in anorexia nervosa. Psychosomatic Medicine, 24(2), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-196203000-00009
Casillas-Estrella, M., Montaño-Castrejón, N., Reyes-Velázquez, V., Bacardí-Gascón, N. & Jiménez-Cruz, A. (2006). A mayor IMC mayor grado de insatisfacción de la imagen corporal. Revista Biomédica, 17(4). 243-249. https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v17i4.463
Dakanalis, A., Clerici, M., Bartoli, F., Caslini, N., Crocamo, C., Riva, G., & Carrà, G. (2017). Risk and maintenance factors for young women’s DSM-5 eating disorders. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 20, 721–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-017-0761-6
Fisher, S. (1986). Development and structure of the body image. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fiske, L., Fallon, E., Blissmer, B., & Redding, C. (2014). Prevalence of body dissatisfaction among United States adults: Review and recommendations for future research. Eating Behaviors, 15(3), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.04.010
Gómezpéresmitré, H., Acosta, M., Unikel, C. & Pineda, G. (2005). Puntos de corte para determinar riesgo en trastornos de la alimentación. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 22(1), 43-51.
González-García, D., & Acuña, L. (2014). Aceptación y rechazo social hacia personas de distintas tallas corporales. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 31(1), 58-70.
Grogan, S. (2021). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. Routledge.
Gruszka, W., Owczarek, A.J., Glinianowicz, M., Bak-Sosnowska, M., Chudek, J., & Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M. (2022). Perception of body size and body dissatisfaction in adults. Scientific Reports, 12, 1159. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04706-6
Hilbert, A., De Zwaan, M., & Braehler, E. (2012). How frequent are eating disturbances in the population? Norms of the eating disorder examination-questionnaire. PLoS ONE, 7(1), e29125. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029125
Hilbert, A., Pike, K. M., Goldschmidt, A. B., Wilfley, D. E., Fairburn, C. G., Dohm, F. A., Walsh, B. T., & Weissman, R. S. (2014). Risk factors across eating disorders. Psychiatry Research, 220(1-2), 500-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.054
Hosseini, S. A., & Padhy, R. K. (2023). Body image distortion (Archived). En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Jacobson, N., Follette, W., Revenstoff, D., Baucom, D., Hahlweg, K., & Margolin, G. (1984). Variability in outcome and clinical significance of behavioral marital therapy: A reanalysis of outcome data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52(4). 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.52.4.497
Jacobson, N., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1),12-19. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.59.1.12
Lombardo, C., Cerolini, S., Esposito, R. M., & Lucidi, F. (2022). Psychometric properties of a silhouette rating scale assessing current and ideal body size and body dissatisfaction in adults. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 27(3), 1089-1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-021-01258-6
Magel, C. A., Lacroix, E., Wilson, S., Iacono, W. G., & Von Ranson, K. M. (2025). Shifting goalposts: Widening discrepancies between girls’ actual and ideal bodies predict disordered eating from preadolescence to adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 37(2), 1054-1067. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579424000907
Mangweth-Matzek, B. & Hoek, H. (2017). Epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders in men and women of middle and older age. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 30(6), 446-451. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000356
McElhone, A., Kearney, J., Giachetti, I., Zunft, H., & Martínez, J. (1999). Body image perception in relation to recent weight changes and strategies for weight loss in a nationally representative sample in the European Union. Public Health Nutrition, 2(1), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980099000191
McLean, S. & Paxton, S. (2018). Body image in the context of eating disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 42(1), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2018.10.006
Nugroho, R. F., & Wardani, E. M. (2025). The association between body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and nutritional status of university students. Journal of Current Health Sciences, 5(4), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.47679/jchs.2025132
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2026). Tabla del IMC (hombres y mujeres adultos). Obtenido de https://WHO BMI Classification: Categories and Cutoffs Explained - ScienceInsights
Paim, L. D., Olinto, M. T. A., & Garcez, A. (2025). Association of body image perception/(Dis) satisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders in University Students of Health Sciences. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 132(3), 492-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241308927
Rodgers, R. F., Laveway, K., Campos, P., & de Carvalho, P. H. B. (2023). Body image as a global mental health concern. Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health, 10, e9. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2023.2
Ronk, F., Hooke, G. & Page, A. (2016). Validity of clinically significant change classifications yielded by Jacobson-Truax and Hageman-Arrindell methods. BMC Psychiatry, 16(187), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0895-5
Santos, D., Nahas, M., de Sousa, T., Del Duca, G. & Peres, K. (2011). Prevalence and associated factors with body image dissatisfaction among adults in southern Brazil: A population-based study. Body Image, 8(4), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.05.009
Schwartz, M., & Brownell, K. (2004). Obesity and body image. Body Image, 1(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00007-X
Stice, E., & Shaw, H. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: A synthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(5), 985 – 993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9
Stice, E., Marti, N., & Durant, S. (2011). Risk factors for onset of eating disorders: Evidence of multiple risk pathways from an 8-year prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(10), 622–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.009
Troisi, A. (2020). Body image and body dissatisfaction. En: Bariatric Psychology and Psychiatry (pp. 33-39). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44834-9_4
© Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders.