ISSN-e: 2007-1523
Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en gemelos: una revisión de alcance
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Palabras clave

trastornos de conducta alimentaria; gemelos; genética; ambiente; revisión

Cómo citar

McCormick Mantilla, S. J., Restrepo-Escudero, L., Cifuentes-Chamorro, C. D., Cuevas, M. I., Ramírez-Schneider, E., Diaz González, V., & Gonzalez, L. M. (2025). Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en gemelos: una revisión de alcance. Revista Mexicana De Trastornos Alimentarios Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2025.2.825

Resumen

La evidencia apunta a una naturaleza multifactorial en los trastornos alimentarios (TA), donde la genética interactúa de forma compleja con el entorno. Estudios en gemelos indican un papel determinante de la genética, aunque factores ambientales no compartidos contribuyen a la variabilidad en su etiología. Esta revisión de alcance, en la que se incluyeron 32 artículos sobre poblaciones de gemelos, busca arrojar luz sobre esta interacción en la aparición y persistencia de los TA. Los resultados revelan que la manifestación de los TA surge de la interrelación entre predisposiciones genéticas e influencias ambientales. Factores psicosociales como abuso infantil, percepción del entorno familiar, presión de grupo y exposición a distintas dinámicas socioculturales influyen en el riesgo de desarrollo. Además, condiciones ambientales adversas potencian este riesgo en individuos con predisposición genética. Sin embargo, la literatura actual sobre TA en poblaciones de gemelos requiere mayor profundidad. En su mayoría, se centra en muestras poco diversas, por lo que se necesitan estudios en cohortes más variadas para comprender con mayor precisión la dinámica del diagnóstico de los TA.

https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2025.2.825
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