Abstract
Maladaptive eating styles are patterns of eating-related behavior that are detrimental to overall health. Risky eating behaviors are specific components of eating styles. The objective, to analyze maladaptive eating styles and risky eating behaviors associated with sociodemographic characteristics in adults living in northern Chile. A total of 802 women (60.1%) and men (38.9%) from northern Chile participated. The Dutch eating behavior questionnaire and the E-TONA structured interview were used. Mean difference, Pearson's chi-square and odds ratios tests were performed. Women presented higher levels in all the maladaptive eating styles evaluated, although significant differences were only evidenced in emotional eating. Additionally, with respect to risky eating behaviors, there is parity in the presence between men and women, although the behaviors performed by men are linked to overeating while in women to the management of negative emotions. The influence of sociodemographic characteristics and the eating environment needs to be further explored.
References
Adriaanse, M.A., Evers, C., Verhoeven, A.A., de Ridder, D.T. (2016). Investigating sex differences in psychological predictors of snack intake among a large representative sample. Public Health Nutrition, 19(4), 625–632. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001500097X
Almaatani, D., Zurbau, A., Khoshnevisan, F., Bandsma, R.H.J., Khan, T.A., Sievenpiper, J.L., et al. (2023). The association between parents' stress and parental feeding practices and feeding styles: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Maternal & child nutrition, 19(1), e13448. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13448
Andrés, A., Oda-Montecinos, C., Saldaña, C. (2017). Eating behaviors in a male and female community simple: psychometric properties of the DEBQ. Terapia Psicológica, 35(2), 141-151. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-48082017000200141.
Barrada, J.R., Van Strien, T., Cebolla, A. (2016). Internal structure and measurement invariance of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) in a (nearly) representative Dutch community sample. European Eating Disorders Review, 24(6), 503–509. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2448
Barthels, F., Barrada, J.R., Roncero, M. (2019). Orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia as new eating styles. PloS One, 14(7), Article e0219609. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219609
Bassett-Gunter, R., McEwan, D., Kamarhie, A. (2017). Physical activity and body image among men and boys: A meta-analysis. Body image, 22, 114–128. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.06.007
Benbaibeche, H., Saidi, H., Bounihi, A., Koceir, E.A. (2023). Emotional and external eating styles associated with obesity. Journal of eating disorders, 11(1), 67. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-023-00797-w
Bobadilla, P., Bugueño, S., Guerrero, V., Muñoz, M., Zúñiga, Jennifer., Nazar, G. (2022). Estado afectivo, regulación emocional y estilos de alimentación en adultos en Chile. Revista Médica de Chile. 49(2), 193-200. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182022000200193
Braden, A., Musher-Eizenman, D., Watford, T., & Emley, E. (2018). Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: ¿Are emotional eating types associated with unique psychological and physical health correlates? Appetite, 125, 410–417. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.022
Brunault, P., Rabemampianina, I., Apfeldorfer, G., Ballon, N., Couet, C., R´eveill`ere, C., et al. (2015). The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire: further psychometric validation and clinical implications of the French version in normal weight and obese persons. La Presse Médicale, 44(12), e363–e372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2015.03.028
Brytek-Matera, A. (2021). Negative Affect and Maladaptive Eating Behavior as a Regulation Strategy in Normal-Weight Individuals: A Narrative Review. Sustainability, 13(24):13704. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413704
Cebolla, A., Barrada, J.R., Van Strien, T., Oliver, E., Baños, R. (2014). Validation of the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ) in a sample of Spanish women. Appetite, 73, 58–64. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.014
Dutton, E., Dovey, T.M. (2016). Validation of the Dutch eating behaviour questionnaire (DEBQ) among Maltese women. Appetite, 107, 9–14. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.07.017
Escandón-Nagel, N., Apablaza-Salazar, J, Novoa-Seguel, M., Osorio-Troncoso, B., Barrera-Herrera, A. (2021). Factores predictores asociados a conductas alimentarias de riesgo en universitarios chilenos. Nutrición clínica y dietética hospitalaria, 41(2), 45-52. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.12873/412barrera
Fateh, H.L., Muhammad, S.S., Kamari, N. (2023). Associations between adherence to MIND diet and general obesity and lipid profile: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in nutrition, 10, 1078961. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078961
Gálvez Espinoza, P., Egaña, D., Masferrer, D., Cerda, R. (2017). Propuesta de un modelo conceptual para el estudio de los ambientes alimentarios en Chile. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 41: e169. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2017.169
Gardner R.M. (2014). Weight status and the perception of body image in men. Psychology research and behavior management, 7, 175–184. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S49053
Hun, N., Urzúa, A., López-Espinoza, A, Escobar, N., Leiva, J. (2019). Comportamiento alimentario y bienestar psicológico en población universitaria en el norte de Chile. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 69(4), 202-208. Disponible en: https://www.alanrevista.org/ediciones/2019/4/art-1/#
Hun, N., Urzúa, A., López-Espinoza, A. (2020). Alimentación y migración: análisis descriptivo-comparativo del comportamiento alimentario entre chilenos y colombianos residentes en el norte y centro de Chile. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 37(4), 823-829. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.03035
Hun, N., Urzúa, A., López-Espinoza, A. (2021A). Anxiety and eating behaviors: Mediating effect of ethnic identity and acculturation stress. Appetite, 157, 105006. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105006
Hun, N., Urzúa A. (2023). Positive and negative affect in the relationship between anxiety, depression, and emotional eating in migrants. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 55, 219-226. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2023.v55.24
Hun, N., Urzua, A., Garrido, L., Santos, J., Leiva, José. (2023). Conductas alimentarias cotidianas y de riesgo en adultos Chilenos. Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios, 14(1), 16-24. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2024.1.790
Jing, T., Zhang, S., Bai, M., Chen, Z., Gao, S., Li, S., et al. (2023). Effect of Dietary Approaches on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Nutrients, 15(14), 3156. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143156
Johnson, T. P. (2014). Snowball sampling: Introduction. In N. Balakrishnan, T. Colton, B.Everitt, W. Piegorsch, F. Ruggeri, & J. L. Teugels (Eds.), Wiley StatsRef: Statistics. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat05720
Kakoschke, N., Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M. (2015). Combined effects of cognitive bias for food cues and poor inhibitory control on unhealthy food intake. Appetite, 87, 358–364. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.004
Konttinen, H., van Strien, T., Männistö, S. Jousilahti, P., Haykkala, A. (2019). Depression, emotional eating and long-term weight changes: a population-based prospective study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(28): 1-11. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0791-8
L¨offler, A., Luck, T., Then, F. S., Luck-Sikorski, C., Pabst, A., Kovacs, P., et al. (2017). Effects of psychological eating behaviour domains on the association between socioeconomic status and BMI. Public Health Nutrition, 20(15), 2706–2712. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017001653
Martens, C.R., Rossman, M.J., Mazzo, M.R., Jankowski, L.R., Nagy, E.E., Denman, B.A., et al. (2020). Short-term time-restricted feeding is safe and feasible in non-obese healthy midlife and older adults. GeroScience, 42(2), 667–686. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00156-6
McAtamney, K., Mantzios, M., Egan, H., Wallis, D.J. (2023). A systematic review of the relationship between alexithymia and emotional eating in adults. Appetite, 180, 106279. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106279
Monocello, L.T., Dressler, W.W. (2022). Cultural consonance, body image, and disordered eating among young South Korean men. Social science & medicine (1982), 314, 115486. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115486
Montgomery Sklar E. (2015). Body Image, Weight, and Self-Concept in Men. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 11(3), 252–258. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827615594351
Nagl, M., Hilbert, A., de Zwaan, M., Braehler, E., Kersting, A. (2016). The German version of the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire: psychometric properties, measurement invariance, and population-based norms. PloS One, 11(9). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162510
Oda-Montecinos, C., Saldaña, C., Beyle, C., Andrés, A., Moya-Vergara, R., Véliz-García, O. (2018). Insatisfacción corporal y comportamientos alimentarios anómalos en una muestra comunitaria de adultos chilenos. Revista mexicana de trastornos alimentarios, 9(1), 57-70. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.22201/fesi.20071523e.2018.1.479
Ohara, K., Kato, Y., Mase, T., Kouda, K., Miyawaki, C., Fujita, Y., et al. (2014). Eating behavior and perception of body shape in Japanese university students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia. Bulimia and Obesity, 19(4), 461–468. Disponible en: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s40519-014-0130-7
Ohara, K., Mase, T., Kouda, K., Miyawaki, C., Momoi, K., Fujitani, T., et al. (2019). Association of anthropometric status, perceived stress, and personality traits with eating behavior in university students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia. Bulimia and Obesity, 24(3), 521–531. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-00637-w
Paans, N., Bot, M., Van Strien, T., Brouwer, I, Visser, M, Penninx, B. (2018). Eating styles in major depressive disorder: Results from a large-scale study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 97: 38-46. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.11.003
Petermann-Rocha, F., Martínez-Sanguinetti, M.A., Villagrán, M., Ulloa, N., Nazar, G., Troncoso-Pantoja, C., et al. (2020). Desde una mirada global al contexto chileno: ¿Qué factores han repercutido en el desarrollo de obesidad en Chile? (Parte 1). Revista chilena de nutrición, 47(2), 299-306. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182020000200299
Polivy, J., Herman, C.P., Mills, J. S. (2020). What is restrained eating and how do we identify it? Appetite, 155, 104820. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104820
Ramón-Arbués, E., Martínez Abadía, B., Granada López, J. M., Echániz Serrano, E., Pellicer García, B., Juárez Vela, R., et al. (2019). Conducta alimentaria y su relación con el estrés, la ansiedad, la depresión y el insomnio en estudiantes universitarios. Nutrición hospitalaria, 36(6), 1339–1345. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.02641
Richardson, T.N., Reis, P., Swanson, M. (2023). Mental Health and Feeding Styles in Parents of Formula-Fed Infants. Childhood obesity (Print), Advance online publication. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2022.0225
Saldaña, C. (2010). Entrevista para la evaluación de comportamiento alimentario y actividad física en niños y adolescentes, versión padres: Proyecto E-TONA. Barcelona, España: Universidad de Barcelona.
Schnettler, B., Robinovich, J., Orellana, L., Miranda-Zapata, E., Oda-Montecinos, C., Hueche, C., et al. (2021). Eating styles profiles in Chilean women: A latent Profile analysis. Appetite, 163, 105211. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105211
Schnettler, B., Miranda-Zapata, E., Grunert, K. G., Lobos, G., Denegri, M., Hueche, C. (2018). Weight fluctuation and diet concern negatively affect food-related life satisfaction in Chilean male and female adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1013. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01013
Spinosa, J., Christiansen, P., Dickson, J. M., Lorenzetti, V., Hardman, C. A. (2019). From socioeconomic disadvantage to obesity: the mediating role of psychological distress and emotional eating. Obesity, 27(4), 559–564. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22402
Van Strien, T. (2018). Causes of Emotional Eating and Matched Treatment of Obesity. Current diabetes reports, 18(6), 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1000-x
Van Strien, T., Frijters, J.E.R., Bergers, G.P.A., Defares, P.B. (1986). The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 5(2), 295–315. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T
Van Strien, T., Konttinen, H., Ouwens, M., Van de Laar, F., Winkens, L. (2020). Mediation of emotional and external eating between dieting and food intake or BMI gain in women. Appetite, 145, 104493. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104493
Zhang, S., Limei, E., Lu, Z., Yu, Y., Yang, X., Chen, Y., Jiang, X. (2023B). The Chain-Mediating Effect of Obesity, Depressive Symptoms on the Association between Dietary Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Nutrients, 15(3), 629. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030629
Zhang, S., Yang, X., E, L., Zhang, X., Chen, H., & Jiang, X. (2023A). The Mediating Effect of Central Obesity on the Association between Dietary Quality, Dietary Inflammation Level and Low-Grade Inflammation-Related Serum Inflammatory Markers in Adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(5), 3781. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053781
© Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders.